Sources

Bibliography

Primary Sources

Images from the Darktown Series by Currier & Ives, Library of Congress. www.loc.gov

Wells, Ida B. The Light of Truth: Writings of an Anti-Lynching Crusader, ed. Henry Louis Gates, Jr., New York: Penguin Books, 2014.

Secondary Sources

Bay, Mia. To Tell the Truth Freely: The Life of Ida B. Wells. New York: Hill and Wang, 2010. 

Colt, Sarah, dir. American Experience. Season 30 Episode 3, “The Gilded Age.” Aired February 6, 2018, on PBS. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/gilded-age/#film_description

Dray, Philip. At the Hands of Persons Unknown: The Lynching of Black America. New York: Random House, 2002.

Foner, Eric. Give Me Liberty!: An American History, Vol. 2, Sixth Edition. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2020.

Kato, Daniel. Liberalizing Lynching. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190232573.001.0001.

Le Beau, Bryan F. “African Americans in Currier & Ives’ America: The Darktown Series.” Journal of American and Comparative Cultures 23, Issue 1 (2004): 71-83. Accessed January 28, 2022. https://doi-org.ezproxy.bgsu.edu/10.1111/j.1537-4726.2000.2301_71. 

Le Beau, Bryan F. Currier and Ives: American Imagined. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2001.

Lears, Jackson. Rebirth of a Nation: The Making of Modern America, 1877-1920. New York: Harper Perennial, 2009.

McGerr, Michael. A Fierce Discontent: The Rise and Fall of the Progressive Movement in America. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.

Painter, Nell Irvin. Standing at Armageddon: A Grassroots History of the Progressive Era. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 2008. 

Peters, Harry T. Currier & Ives: Printmakers to the American People. New York: Doubleday, Doran, & Co. Inc, 1942.

Pfeifer, Michael J. The Roots of Rough Justice: Origins of American Lynching. Champaign, Il.: University of Illinois Press, 2011. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/j.ctt1xchtc.

Rawls, Walton. The Great Book of Currier & Ives’ America. New York: Abbeville Press, 1979.

Smångs, Mattias. “Doing Violence, Making Race: Southern Lynching and White Racial Group Formation.” American Journal of Sociology 121, no. 5 (2016): 1329–74. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26545739.

Wasserman, Ira M. “Media Rhetoric and Images of Lynching in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries.” Michigan Sociological Review 12 (1998): 68–94. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40969023.

Wood, Amy Louise. Lynching and Spectacle: Witnessing Racial Violence in America, 1890-1940. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2009. https://doi.org/10.5149/9780807878118_wood.